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.In thisfirst group of Vietnamese emigrants were some important Vietnamese citizens whohad left the country because of their relationship with the U.S.military and, due to thisassociation, they feared retaliation by the Vietcong regime.A major portion of thesepeople had a good educational background and would easily adapt to the lifestyle inthe United States because of their relationships with the American military personnelin Vietnam.Many of these new arrivals considered themselves well-qualified person-nel that were no actual threat to U.S.citizens.They felt because of their credentialsthey should be easily incorporated into the American community and become fruitfulmembers our society.The members of this group who were participants in criminalactivities fit right into the Vietnamese communities.They became active within theirlocal communities and quickly got mixed up in fraudulent types of scams includingmoney transfer schemes and welfare swindle.An example of the type of criminaloperation that the Vietnamese person would participate in took place in 1984 whensixty Vietnamese pharmacists and physicians deceitfully billed the California Bureauof Medi-Cal for $25 million (FBI, 1993).In most cases these purported professionalpeople used Vietnamese gang members as their couriers.The first groups that arrived from Vietnam managed to quickly create a numberof communities throughout the United States, a major portion of these neighbor-hoods were located on the West Coast.These communities would soon becomehome bases for a second group of arrivals from Vietnam that contained more of acriminal element than the first group (FBI, 1993).The second group of individuals arriving from Vietnam were what had to be con-sidered true refugees and not immigrants.These expatriates were, in most cases,both socially and educationally different than the people who arrived in the firstgroup.Most of them were from rural regions or coastal communities who had fledVietnam in boats that were packed with other fleeing emigrants who diligently suf-fered through the abuses forced on them by pirates from Thailand who constantlytormented the fleeing boat people. Within this group of new arrivals were peoplewho arrived with their families and friends and another portion disembarked alone.There were a large number of unescorted children and an abundant amount of oldersons who arrived alone with a strategy that included finding a job and working ashard as possible in order to gather sufficient funding to bring the remaining membersof the family to the United States.There are several reasons for classifying the newlyarrived Vietnamese as refugees.First, the refugee is compelled to leave his or herhomeland.Second, the circumstances surrounding this person s escape are life threat-ening, and third, the refugee is without any specifi c direction or destination.Thiswhole episode totally traumatizes most of the refugees.Another problem facing thenew refugees can be described as culture shock.The culture shock that is encoun-tered by Vietnamese refugees is a shock that is shared by all the family members andnot just one specific person.It creates a stress that affects the entire Vietnamese fam-ily.This stress is further complicated by the anxiety placed on the new Vietnameseimmigrants to learn a new language within a different culture.Stress seems to espe-cially affect the adolescent members of this society and it is therefore not unusual foran youthful member of a family to set up family members to ultimately become victimsof home robberies.The situation for some adolescents is even worse if there is nofamily unit available for the youth who in many cases has already become a gang VIETNAMESE ORGANIZED CRIME AND GANGS 271member.Once a gang member this teenager adopts the gang as his/her family andresponds to any stressful in the same way using desperation and violence (FBI, 1993).Over the past several years many of the Vietnamese street groups have progressedfrom undisciplined and out-of-control groups to the designation as street gangs.Amajor portion of these gangs have joined together to form tightly knit organizationsthat are coupled to Vietnamese groups throughout the United States.This type ofunion provides some basic needs to other members of the Vietnamese gangs who arebasically linked together for the self-preservation of each member and for their par-ticipation in the profits from gang ventures.The protection of the members is ofutmost importance to all of the membership because of the tight family relationshipswithin Vietnamese society.Gang members in different areas of the United Statesmust be capable of providing refuge to members of traveling gangs who may be inroute to a location to commit a crime or those members who may be retreating froma location where they have just committed a crime.Vietnamese GangsThe description of a Vietnamese traveling gang must be preceded by the defini-tions of what can actually be considered a street gang.As a group they1.collaborate to perpetrate, or commit, a transgression against a specifi c person orgroup for profit;2.identify themselves through the use of a name, sign, symbol or have an distinguish-able leader;3.have membership that is involved in criminal activities which is unusual in compari-son to other identifiable groups;4.proclaim that a the group will be operating in a specific area;5 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.In thisfirst group of Vietnamese emigrants were some important Vietnamese citizens whohad left the country because of their relationship with the U.S.military and, due to thisassociation, they feared retaliation by the Vietcong regime.A major portion of thesepeople had a good educational background and would easily adapt to the lifestyle inthe United States because of their relationships with the American military personnelin Vietnam.Many of these new arrivals considered themselves well-qualified person-nel that were no actual threat to U.S.citizens.They felt because of their credentialsthey should be easily incorporated into the American community and become fruitfulmembers our society.The members of this group who were participants in criminalactivities fit right into the Vietnamese communities.They became active within theirlocal communities and quickly got mixed up in fraudulent types of scams includingmoney transfer schemes and welfare swindle.An example of the type of criminaloperation that the Vietnamese person would participate in took place in 1984 whensixty Vietnamese pharmacists and physicians deceitfully billed the California Bureauof Medi-Cal for $25 million (FBI, 1993).In most cases these purported professionalpeople used Vietnamese gang members as their couriers.The first groups that arrived from Vietnam managed to quickly create a numberof communities throughout the United States, a major portion of these neighbor-hoods were located on the West Coast.These communities would soon becomehome bases for a second group of arrivals from Vietnam that contained more of acriminal element than the first group (FBI, 1993).The second group of individuals arriving from Vietnam were what had to be con-sidered true refugees and not immigrants.These expatriates were, in most cases,both socially and educationally different than the people who arrived in the firstgroup.Most of them were from rural regions or coastal communities who had fledVietnam in boats that were packed with other fleeing emigrants who diligently suf-fered through the abuses forced on them by pirates from Thailand who constantlytormented the fleeing boat people. Within this group of new arrivals were peoplewho arrived with their families and friends and another portion disembarked alone.There were a large number of unescorted children and an abundant amount of oldersons who arrived alone with a strategy that included finding a job and working ashard as possible in order to gather sufficient funding to bring the remaining membersof the family to the United States.There are several reasons for classifying the newlyarrived Vietnamese as refugees.First, the refugee is compelled to leave his or herhomeland.Second, the circumstances surrounding this person s escape are life threat-ening, and third, the refugee is without any specifi c direction or destination.Thiswhole episode totally traumatizes most of the refugees.Another problem facing thenew refugees can be described as culture shock.The culture shock that is encoun-tered by Vietnamese refugees is a shock that is shared by all the family members andnot just one specific person.It creates a stress that affects the entire Vietnamese fam-ily.This stress is further complicated by the anxiety placed on the new Vietnameseimmigrants to learn a new language within a different culture.Stress seems to espe-cially affect the adolescent members of this society and it is therefore not unusual foran youthful member of a family to set up family members to ultimately become victimsof home robberies.The situation for some adolescents is even worse if there is nofamily unit available for the youth who in many cases has already become a gang VIETNAMESE ORGANIZED CRIME AND GANGS 271member.Once a gang member this teenager adopts the gang as his/her family andresponds to any stressful in the same way using desperation and violence (FBI, 1993).Over the past several years many of the Vietnamese street groups have progressedfrom undisciplined and out-of-control groups to the designation as street gangs.Amajor portion of these gangs have joined together to form tightly knit organizationsthat are coupled to Vietnamese groups throughout the United States.This type ofunion provides some basic needs to other members of the Vietnamese gangs who arebasically linked together for the self-preservation of each member and for their par-ticipation in the profits from gang ventures.The protection of the members is ofutmost importance to all of the membership because of the tight family relationshipswithin Vietnamese society.Gang members in different areas of the United Statesmust be capable of providing refuge to members of traveling gangs who may be inroute to a location to commit a crime or those members who may be retreating froma location where they have just committed a crime.Vietnamese GangsThe description of a Vietnamese traveling gang must be preceded by the defini-tions of what can actually be considered a street gang.As a group they1.collaborate to perpetrate, or commit, a transgression against a specifi c person orgroup for profit;2.identify themselves through the use of a name, sign, symbol or have an distinguish-able leader;3.have membership that is involved in criminal activities which is unusual in compari-son to other identifiable groups;4.proclaim that a the group will be operating in a specific area;5 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]