[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.114, War Office).The T-34 was followed by the improved T-44 and then by the T-54, with the basic T-44 chassis and using Christie-system torsion-bar suspension.This was the standardSoviet tank until recently; it was used in the Hungarian revolt in 1956, in SouthVietnam in 1972, and still in use in most Warsaw Pact countries.The Red Army has always used diesel engines in its medium and heavy tanks.Thistank-engine series is the V-2 and V-12 water-cooled, rated to 550 brake horsepower(bhp) at 2,150 revolutions per minute (rpm).According to Ogorkiewicz, the originalRussian water-cooled V-12 engine was a successful diesel adaptation of contemporaryaero-engine designs.Used on all Soviet medium and heavy tanks up to World War II,it was a large 2,860 cubic-inch engine, based on a German B.M.W.aircraft design,and developed about 500 bhp.Soviet em-ephasis on diesels has continued sinceWorld War II, while other Soviet armored vehicles have used automobile gasolineengines.The T-70 light tank uses two GAZ-202 70-horsepower engines from theFord-Gorki plant.The SU-76 self-propelled gun also used two engines of the sameFord type geared together.The Soviets have continuously developed the same engine for their battle line tanksincluding the T-34, T-44, T-54, T-62 and T-72.These engines originated with aHispano Suisa engine originally developed in the 1930s as an aircraft engine.Thelatest T-62s are manufactured in three gigantic plants at Nizhny Tagil, Omsk and Kharkov.It has a power displacement of 9.93 kw/liter, a mean piston speed atmaximum rpm of 12.6 m/s for the left bank and 13.1 m/s for the right bank.TheBMEP at maximum torque is 698 kPz.The weight to power ratio is 2.6 kg/kw.Theweight/displacement is 25.8 Kg per liter and the specific fuel consumption is 210g/kwh.The Soviets prefer not to use imported parts for field military end uses.However, theydo reverse engineer the latest advances in Western military technology obtained byillegal purchase or espionage.Examples are the gunner's telescope on the T-62 whichuses the same multi roundscales and movable index line found on the M-46s (U.S.) T-152 co-axial telescope.The T-64 and the T-72 has an analogue ballistic computer anda coincidence rangefinder comparable to those found on U.S.M-48 and M-60 tanks.These were probably obtained from U.S.equipment captured in Vietnam.DMB Pleas of IgnoranceA common statement from the deaf mute blindmen is that their contracts with theSoviet Union have no military potential and cannot therefore do any harm to ournational security.These statements are not only false, but these multinationalbusinessmen know they are false.We cited William Blackie, Chairman of Caterpillar Tractor Company, in the epigraphto this chapter to the effect that "building of bridges" should not "threaten our nationalsecurity." Yet Mr.Blackie knows full well the use to which the Soviets put theCaterpillar Tractor plants in the Soviet Union and the military use of Caterpillartractor reverse engineered from U.S.models.His statement is bland subterfuge.The American-built tractor plants at Stalingrad, Kharkov, and Chelyabinsk were theonly major tank producers of the Soviet Union up to World War II.Tank output for1938 (a year for Which complete figures are available) is shown in Table 12-3, withthe percentage tank output on early American-built tractor plant.Table 12-3Overall Annual Production of Soviet Tanks inU.S.-Built Tractor Plants (1938)Percentage ofTotal Produced Construction of Origin ofin Each Plant Plant by: Tank ModelChelyabinsk: U.S.firms Christie (U.S.A.)28.9 percent (1933) Carden-Lloyd (U.K.)Vickers (U.K.)Stalingrad: U.S.firms Carden-Lloyd32.8 percent (1930) Vickers-ArmstrongKharkov: U.S.firms Vickers-Armstrong 38.3 percent (1931)The U.S.-Built Stalingrad "Tractor" PlantIn March 1929 a delegation of thirteen Soviet engineers arrived in the United Statesand in cooperation with several American companies outlined a plan for a plant toproduce 50,000 Caterpillar-type tractors a year."The entire designing of theStalingrad.tractor plant.was carried out in the United States.While preliminarywork on the site of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant had been conducted for some time, theactual work on the construction of the principal departments started only in June whenthe plans arrived from the United States.37The Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the largest in Europe, was a packaged factory built inthe United States, dismantled, shipped to the USSR, and re-erected at Stalingradunder the supervision of American engineers.All its equipment was manufactured inthe United States by some eight firms; it went into production with the Harvester15/30 model and the T-37 3-ton tank.The Stalingrad Tractor Plant was the first of three massive plants for the production oftractors in peace and tanks in war.It was built in every sense of the word in theUnited States and was reassembled in Stalingrad by 570 Americans and 50 Germans.The plant was delivered in component parts, installed in a building supplied byMcClintock & Marshall, and erected under the supervision of John Calder of theAustin Company [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl trzylatki.xlx.pl
.114, War Office).The T-34 was followed by the improved T-44 and then by the T-54, with the basic T-44 chassis and using Christie-system torsion-bar suspension.This was the standardSoviet tank until recently; it was used in the Hungarian revolt in 1956, in SouthVietnam in 1972, and still in use in most Warsaw Pact countries.The Red Army has always used diesel engines in its medium and heavy tanks.Thistank-engine series is the V-2 and V-12 water-cooled, rated to 550 brake horsepower(bhp) at 2,150 revolutions per minute (rpm).According to Ogorkiewicz, the originalRussian water-cooled V-12 engine was a successful diesel adaptation of contemporaryaero-engine designs.Used on all Soviet medium and heavy tanks up to World War II,it was a large 2,860 cubic-inch engine, based on a German B.M.W.aircraft design,and developed about 500 bhp.Soviet em-ephasis on diesels has continued sinceWorld War II, while other Soviet armored vehicles have used automobile gasolineengines.The T-70 light tank uses two GAZ-202 70-horsepower engines from theFord-Gorki plant.The SU-76 self-propelled gun also used two engines of the sameFord type geared together.The Soviets have continuously developed the same engine for their battle line tanksincluding the T-34, T-44, T-54, T-62 and T-72.These engines originated with aHispano Suisa engine originally developed in the 1930s as an aircraft engine.Thelatest T-62s are manufactured in three gigantic plants at Nizhny Tagil, Omsk and Kharkov.It has a power displacement of 9.93 kw/liter, a mean piston speed atmaximum rpm of 12.6 m/s for the left bank and 13.1 m/s for the right bank.TheBMEP at maximum torque is 698 kPz.The weight to power ratio is 2.6 kg/kw.Theweight/displacement is 25.8 Kg per liter and the specific fuel consumption is 210g/kwh.The Soviets prefer not to use imported parts for field military end uses.However, theydo reverse engineer the latest advances in Western military technology obtained byillegal purchase or espionage.Examples are the gunner's telescope on the T-62 whichuses the same multi roundscales and movable index line found on the M-46s (U.S.) T-152 co-axial telescope.The T-64 and the T-72 has an analogue ballistic computer anda coincidence rangefinder comparable to those found on U.S.M-48 and M-60 tanks.These were probably obtained from U.S.equipment captured in Vietnam.DMB Pleas of IgnoranceA common statement from the deaf mute blindmen is that their contracts with theSoviet Union have no military potential and cannot therefore do any harm to ournational security.These statements are not only false, but these multinationalbusinessmen know they are false.We cited William Blackie, Chairman of Caterpillar Tractor Company, in the epigraphto this chapter to the effect that "building of bridges" should not "threaten our nationalsecurity." Yet Mr.Blackie knows full well the use to which the Soviets put theCaterpillar Tractor plants in the Soviet Union and the military use of Caterpillartractor reverse engineered from U.S.models.His statement is bland subterfuge.The American-built tractor plants at Stalingrad, Kharkov, and Chelyabinsk were theonly major tank producers of the Soviet Union up to World War II.Tank output for1938 (a year for Which complete figures are available) is shown in Table 12-3, withthe percentage tank output on early American-built tractor plant.Table 12-3Overall Annual Production of Soviet Tanks inU.S.-Built Tractor Plants (1938)Percentage ofTotal Produced Construction of Origin ofin Each Plant Plant by: Tank ModelChelyabinsk: U.S.firms Christie (U.S.A.)28.9 percent (1933) Carden-Lloyd (U.K.)Vickers (U.K.)Stalingrad: U.S.firms Carden-Lloyd32.8 percent (1930) Vickers-ArmstrongKharkov: U.S.firms Vickers-Armstrong 38.3 percent (1931)The U.S.-Built Stalingrad "Tractor" PlantIn March 1929 a delegation of thirteen Soviet engineers arrived in the United Statesand in cooperation with several American companies outlined a plan for a plant toproduce 50,000 Caterpillar-type tractors a year."The entire designing of theStalingrad.tractor plant.was carried out in the United States.While preliminarywork on the site of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant had been conducted for some time, theactual work on the construction of the principal departments started only in June whenthe plans arrived from the United States.37The Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the largest in Europe, was a packaged factory built inthe United States, dismantled, shipped to the USSR, and re-erected at Stalingradunder the supervision of American engineers.All its equipment was manufactured inthe United States by some eight firms; it went into production with the Harvester15/30 model and the T-37 3-ton tank.The Stalingrad Tractor Plant was the first of three massive plants for the production oftractors in peace and tanks in war.It was built in every sense of the word in theUnited States and was reassembled in Stalingrad by 570 Americans and 50 Germans.The plant was delivered in component parts, installed in a building supplied byMcClintock & Marshall, and erected under the supervision of John Calder of theAustin Company [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]