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.This demonstration, made in 1890, led to Tesla's adoptingthe technique as the permanent method of lighting hislaboratories.The loop around the ceiling was alwaysenergized; and if anyone wished a light at any position, itwas only necessary to take a glass tube and place it in anyconvenient location.when tesla undertook the development of a new kind ofelectric light, he went to the sun for his model.He saw inthe photo- sphere, or outer gaseous layer of the sun, lightbeing created by the vibration of molecules.That was thetheory then prevalent; and he sought to use the samemethod.In the tremendous burst of revelation which he received inthe park at Budapest as he gazed into the flaming orb of121 the setting sun, there had flashed into his mind, as wehave seen, not only the marvelous invention of the rotarymagnetic field and the many uses of multiple alternatingcurrents, but also the grand generalization that everythingin Nature operated on the principle of vibrations thatcorresponded to alternating currents.The host ofinventions and discoveries which he made in all succeedingyears had their roots, too, in that sublime experience.In the sun, it was believed, light was created when themolecules were vibrated by heat.Tesla sought to improve onthis method by vibrating the molecules by electricalforces.The sparks and electrical flames created by hishigh-voltage coils were associated, he believed, withmolecular vibrations in the air.If he could bottle thegases of the air and set them in vibration electrically,they should produce light without heat, since the energywas supplied by cold electric currents.Sir fiilliam Crookes, who, long before Edison, produced anincandescent electric light by sealing an electricallyheated wire in a vacuum tube, had carried out an extendedseries of experiments in conducting electricity through thegases in glass vessels under a variety of conditionsranging from atmospheric pressure to the highest vacuumobtainable, and had produced some strange effects.Crookesused the high-voltage current produced by the old-fashionedinduction coil.Tesla expected that when he bottled the strange effects hehad observed with his currents of extremely high frequency,he would produce manifestations radically different fromthose found by Crookes, or Geissler, who also worked inthis field.In this he was not disappointed.Four types of an entirely new kind of electric light wereproduced by Tesla, using electrically activated moleculesof gas: 1.Tubes in which a solid body was renderedincandescent; 2.Tubes in which phosphorescent andfluorescent materials were caused to luminesce; 3.Tubes inwhich rarefied gases became luminous, and 4.Tubes in whichluminosity was produced in gases at ordinary pressures.Like Crookes, Tesla passed his high-frequency currentsthrough gases at all pressures, from lowest-pressure vacuumto normal atmospheric pressure, and obtained brilliantluminous effects exceeding anything previously attained.He122 substituted for air in his tubes other gases, includingmercury vapor, and observed the peculiar color and othereffects they yielded.Noting the variety of colors the various gases, and evenair, showed under different pressures, Tesla suspected thatnot all of the energy radiated was given off as visiblelight, but that some of it emanated as black light.Testingthis hypothesis, he placed sulphide of zinc and otherphosphorescent and fluorescent materials in his tubes andcaused them to glow.In these experiments (they were madein 1889) Tesla laid the foundation for our most recentlydeveloped type of highly efficient lamps used influorescent lighting which are generally believed to havebeen invented in recent years.This system of utilizing thewasted ultra-violet or invisible black light by changing itto visible light by means of phosphorescent substances isTesla's invention [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.This demonstration, made in 1890, led to Tesla's adoptingthe technique as the permanent method of lighting hislaboratories.The loop around the ceiling was alwaysenergized; and if anyone wished a light at any position, itwas only necessary to take a glass tube and place it in anyconvenient location.when tesla undertook the development of a new kind ofelectric light, he went to the sun for his model.He saw inthe photo- sphere, or outer gaseous layer of the sun, lightbeing created by the vibration of molecules.That was thetheory then prevalent; and he sought to use the samemethod.In the tremendous burst of revelation which he received inthe park at Budapest as he gazed into the flaming orb of121 the setting sun, there had flashed into his mind, as wehave seen, not only the marvelous invention of the rotarymagnetic field and the many uses of multiple alternatingcurrents, but also the grand generalization that everythingin Nature operated on the principle of vibrations thatcorresponded to alternating currents.The host ofinventions and discoveries which he made in all succeedingyears had their roots, too, in that sublime experience.In the sun, it was believed, light was created when themolecules were vibrated by heat.Tesla sought to improve onthis method by vibrating the molecules by electricalforces.The sparks and electrical flames created by hishigh-voltage coils were associated, he believed, withmolecular vibrations in the air.If he could bottle thegases of the air and set them in vibration electrically,they should produce light without heat, since the energywas supplied by cold electric currents.Sir fiilliam Crookes, who, long before Edison, produced anincandescent electric light by sealing an electricallyheated wire in a vacuum tube, had carried out an extendedseries of experiments in conducting electricity through thegases in glass vessels under a variety of conditionsranging from atmospheric pressure to the highest vacuumobtainable, and had produced some strange effects.Crookesused the high-voltage current produced by the old-fashionedinduction coil.Tesla expected that when he bottled the strange effects hehad observed with his currents of extremely high frequency,he would produce manifestations radically different fromthose found by Crookes, or Geissler, who also worked inthis field.In this he was not disappointed.Four types of an entirely new kind of electric light wereproduced by Tesla, using electrically activated moleculesof gas: 1.Tubes in which a solid body was renderedincandescent; 2.Tubes in which phosphorescent andfluorescent materials were caused to luminesce; 3.Tubes inwhich rarefied gases became luminous, and 4.Tubes in whichluminosity was produced in gases at ordinary pressures.Like Crookes, Tesla passed his high-frequency currentsthrough gases at all pressures, from lowest-pressure vacuumto normal atmospheric pressure, and obtained brilliantluminous effects exceeding anything previously attained.He122 substituted for air in his tubes other gases, includingmercury vapor, and observed the peculiar color and othereffects they yielded.Noting the variety of colors the various gases, and evenair, showed under different pressures, Tesla suspected thatnot all of the energy radiated was given off as visiblelight, but that some of it emanated as black light.Testingthis hypothesis, he placed sulphide of zinc and otherphosphorescent and fluorescent materials in his tubes andcaused them to glow.In these experiments (they were madein 1889) Tesla laid the foundation for our most recentlydeveloped type of highly efficient lamps used influorescent lighting which are generally believed to havebeen invented in recent years.This system of utilizing thewasted ultra-violet or invisible black light by changing itto visible light by means of phosphorescent substances isTesla's invention [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]