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.For Latinos and blacks, the law’s prohibitions on full political engagement for prisoners and parolees through felon disfranchisement and census residency rules exacerbate and prove these observa-aiwan eBook Consortions.The additional, unnecessary, and unwise legal restrictions on the licensureTof many professions and trades to former prisoners in urban America adds to this continuum by destroying hope for civic engagement as a rehabilitative tool for formerly incarcerated Latinos.At the heart of change is the threat of power, taken and realized, not merely demanded.Recognizing that Latino collective political strength requires a look at the “punishment industry” and its legacy in our streets today is step that all Latinoveconnect.com - licensed toinstitutions, activists, academics, and leaders must take in order to wield the political power needed to achieve social justice.palgraom wwwNotes1.Voting Rights Act, 42 U.S.C.§ 1971, et seq.(1965).2.Canada: Suave v.Canada (Chief Electoral Officer, 3 S.C.R.519, 2002 SCC 68; 2002); South Africa: Minister of Home Affairs v.National Institute for Crime Prevention andyright material frReintegration of Offenders (CCT 03/04; 2004); Israel: Hilla Alrai v.Minister of the Inte-Coprior (HC 2757/96; 1996); Europe: Hirst v.United Kingdom (Hirst No.2).3.Suave v.Canada (Chief Electoral Officer), 3 S.C.R.519, 2002 SCC 68, para.58 (2002).4.Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño v.Comisión Estatal de Elecciones y Administrador General de Elecciones, 80 JTS 92 [p.1738] citing 16 L.P.R.A.3052 to 3242 as amended by Ley Núm.3 of September 8, 1980.See also Daniel Rivera Vargas (2004).5.See the Community Service Society of New York (CSS) Web site, http://www.cssny.org (accessed January 19, 2009).6.As Walker et al.(2004), conclude, any data on Latinos in the criminal justice system must be interpreted with caution because Latinos are specifically undercounted and 10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-06.indd 145pal-oboler-06.indd 1459/15/09 1:22 PM9/15/09 1:22 PM146 JUAN CARTAGENAreported as white in general.Marc Mauer (2007) notes that eleven states fail to report data on the number of incarcerated Latinos.7.For example, a recent and comprehensive state-by-state digest of Latino political issues, The Almanac of Latino Politics, is silent on the effects felon disfranchisement on Latino voting strength (United States Hispanic Leadership Institute).8.Richardson v.Ramirez, 418 U.S.24 (1974).9.Richardson v.Ramirez, 418 U.S.24, 82-83 (1974).10.The only exception is Johnson v.Bush, 405 F.3d 1214 (11th Cir.; 2005) brought only on behalf of African American voters in Florida.11.Farrakhan v.Washington, 338 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir.; 2003).12.Hayden v.Pataki, 449 F.3d 305 (2nd Cir.2006).13.New Jersey State Conference NAACP v.Harvey, 885 A.2d 445 (N.J.Super A.D.2005).14.See http://www.aclu.org/votingrights/exoffenders/ (accessed February 26, 2008).15.U.S.Census Bureau, Decennial Management Division Glossary.http://www.censusveConnect - 2011-05-06.gov/dmd/www/glossary.html#U (accessed April 24, 2008).16.Burns v.Richardson, 384 U.S.73, 92 (1966).algra17.Huling (2002), 211.tium - P18.The Census Bureau reports that Harris County was 33 percent Latino in 2000, while Dallas County was 29 percent Latino in 2000.U.S.Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File (SF-1).19.N.Y.Const.Art.II, § 4.20.N.Y.Correction Law § 750.aiwan eBook ConsorTReferencesCadora, Eric.2007.Justice Mapping Center Study for Mayor’s Commission on Poverty.http://www.justicemapping.org.Cartagena, Juan.2008.“Voting Rights in New York City 1982–2006”Southern California Review of Social Justice 17:2, 501-576.veconnect.com - licensed toCartagena, Juan, Janai Nelson, and Joan Gibbs.2003.Felons and the right to vote.http://www.gothamgazette.com (accessed October 23, 2006).palgraClear, Todd R.2002.The problem with “addition by subtraction”: The prison-crime relationship in low-income communities.In Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Conse-om wwwquences of Mass Imprisonment, ed.Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind 181-193.New York: New Press.Davis, Angela Y.2003.Are prisons obsolete.New York: Seven Stories.Demeo, Marisa J., and Steven A.Ochoa.2003.Diminished voting power in the Latino community: The impact of felony disenfranchisement in ten targeted states.Washington, D.C.:yright material frMexican American Legal Defense & Educational Fund.CopDeSipio, Louis.2005.Latino voters: Lessons learned and misunderstood.In The unfinished agenda of the Selma-Montgomery voting rights march, ed.the editors of Black issues in higher education, with Dara N.Byrne, 135–142.Landmarks in civil rights history.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006, 42 U.S.C.§ 1973b(a)(7), (8) (2006).Freeman, Richard.2003.Can we close the revolving door? Recidivism vs.employment of ex-offenders in the U.S.The Urban Institute Reentry Roundtable Discussion Paper, May 19.New York University.10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-06.indd 146pal-oboler-06.indd 1469/15/09 1:22 PM9/15/09 1:22 PMLOST VOTES, LOST BODIES, LOST JOBS 147Huling, Tracy.2002.Building a prison economy in rural America.In Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment, ed.Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, 197–213.New York: New Press.International Centre for Prison Studies.2008.World prison brief.http://www.kcl.ac.uk (accessed March 2008).Legal Action Center.2006.New York State occupational licensing survey.In Report and recommendations to New York State on enhancing employment opportunities for formerly incarcerated people, 56–76.New York: Independent Commission on Reentry and Employment.Levitan, Mark.2004.A crisis of black male employment: Unemployment and joblessness in New York City 2003.New York: Community Service Society.———.2005.Out of school, out of work, out of luck? New York City’s disconnected youth.New York: Community Service Society.Mauer, Marc.2007.Racial impact statements as a means of reducing unwarranted sentencing disparities.Ohio State Jounal of Criminal Law 5:19, 19-46.veConnect - 2011-05-06Mauer, Marc, and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds.2002.Invisible punishment: The collateral conse-algraquences of mass imprisonment.New York: The New Press.National Association of Latino Elected Officials.2006.2006 National directory of Latinotium - Pelected officials.Washington, D.C.: National Association of Latino Elected Officials.National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.2005.Uniform Collateral Sanctions and Disqualifications Act, November.New York City Bar Association Task Force on Employment Opportunities for the Previously Incarcerated.2008.Legal employers taking the lead: Enhancing employmentaiwan eBook Consoropportunities for the previously incarcerated.New York:New York City Bar Association.TNew York State Board of Elections.2003.Memorandum to county commissioners, October 29, 1993.Paige, Harrison M., and Allen J.Beck.2006.Prison and jail inmates at midyear, 2005.NCJ213133.Washington, D.C.: U.S.Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.Pager, Devah.2003.The mark of a criminal record [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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.For Latinos and blacks, the law’s prohibitions on full political engagement for prisoners and parolees through felon disfranchisement and census residency rules exacerbate and prove these observa-aiwan eBook Consortions.The additional, unnecessary, and unwise legal restrictions on the licensureTof many professions and trades to former prisoners in urban America adds to this continuum by destroying hope for civic engagement as a rehabilitative tool for formerly incarcerated Latinos.At the heart of change is the threat of power, taken and realized, not merely demanded.Recognizing that Latino collective political strength requires a look at the “punishment industry” and its legacy in our streets today is step that all Latinoveconnect.com - licensed toinstitutions, activists, academics, and leaders must take in order to wield the political power needed to achieve social justice.palgraom wwwNotes1.Voting Rights Act, 42 U.S.C.§ 1971, et seq.(1965).2.Canada: Suave v.Canada (Chief Electoral Officer, 3 S.C.R.519, 2002 SCC 68; 2002); South Africa: Minister of Home Affairs v.National Institute for Crime Prevention andyright material frReintegration of Offenders (CCT 03/04; 2004); Israel: Hilla Alrai v.Minister of the Inte-Coprior (HC 2757/96; 1996); Europe: Hirst v.United Kingdom (Hirst No.2).3.Suave v.Canada (Chief Electoral Officer), 3 S.C.R.519, 2002 SCC 68, para.58 (2002).4.Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño v.Comisión Estatal de Elecciones y Administrador General de Elecciones, 80 JTS 92 [p.1738] citing 16 L.P.R.A.3052 to 3242 as amended by Ley Núm.3 of September 8, 1980.See also Daniel Rivera Vargas (2004).5.See the Community Service Society of New York (CSS) Web site, http://www.cssny.org (accessed January 19, 2009).6.As Walker et al.(2004), conclude, any data on Latinos in the criminal justice system must be interpreted with caution because Latinos are specifically undercounted and 10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-06.indd 145pal-oboler-06.indd 1459/15/09 1:22 PM9/15/09 1:22 PM146 JUAN CARTAGENAreported as white in general.Marc Mauer (2007) notes that eleven states fail to report data on the number of incarcerated Latinos.7.For example, a recent and comprehensive state-by-state digest of Latino political issues, The Almanac of Latino Politics, is silent on the effects felon disfranchisement on Latino voting strength (United States Hispanic Leadership Institute).8.Richardson v.Ramirez, 418 U.S.24 (1974).9.Richardson v.Ramirez, 418 U.S.24, 82-83 (1974).10.The only exception is Johnson v.Bush, 405 F.3d 1214 (11th Cir.; 2005) brought only on behalf of African American voters in Florida.11.Farrakhan v.Washington, 338 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir.; 2003).12.Hayden v.Pataki, 449 F.3d 305 (2nd Cir.2006).13.New Jersey State Conference NAACP v.Harvey, 885 A.2d 445 (N.J.Super A.D.2005).14.See http://www.aclu.org/votingrights/exoffenders/ (accessed February 26, 2008).15.U.S.Census Bureau, Decennial Management Division Glossary.http://www.censusveConnect - 2011-05-06.gov/dmd/www/glossary.html#U (accessed April 24, 2008).16.Burns v.Richardson, 384 U.S.73, 92 (1966).algra17.Huling (2002), 211.tium - P18.The Census Bureau reports that Harris County was 33 percent Latino in 2000, while Dallas County was 29 percent Latino in 2000.U.S.Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File (SF-1).19.N.Y.Const.Art.II, § 4.20.N.Y.Correction Law § 750.aiwan eBook ConsorTReferencesCadora, Eric.2007.Justice Mapping Center Study for Mayor’s Commission on Poverty.http://www.justicemapping.org.Cartagena, Juan.2008.“Voting Rights in New York City 1982–2006”Southern California Review of Social Justice 17:2, 501-576.veconnect.com - licensed toCartagena, Juan, Janai Nelson, and Joan Gibbs.2003.Felons and the right to vote.http://www.gothamgazette.com (accessed October 23, 2006).palgraClear, Todd R.2002.The problem with “addition by subtraction”: The prison-crime relationship in low-income communities.In Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Conse-om wwwquences of Mass Imprisonment, ed.Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind 181-193.New York: New Press.Davis, Angela Y.2003.Are prisons obsolete.New York: Seven Stories.Demeo, Marisa J., and Steven A.Ochoa.2003.Diminished voting power in the Latino community: The impact of felony disenfranchisement in ten targeted states.Washington, D.C.:yright material frMexican American Legal Defense & Educational Fund.CopDeSipio, Louis.2005.Latino voters: Lessons learned and misunderstood.In The unfinished agenda of the Selma-Montgomery voting rights march, ed.the editors of Black issues in higher education, with Dara N.Byrne, 135–142.Landmarks in civil rights history.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006, 42 U.S.C.§ 1973b(a)(7), (8) (2006).Freeman, Richard.2003.Can we close the revolving door? Recidivism vs.employment of ex-offenders in the U.S.The Urban Institute Reentry Roundtable Discussion Paper, May 19.New York University.10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-06.indd 146pal-oboler-06.indd 1469/15/09 1:22 PM9/15/09 1:22 PMLOST VOTES, LOST BODIES, LOST JOBS 147Huling, Tracy.2002.Building a prison economy in rural America.In Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment, ed.Marc Mauer and Meda Chesney-Lind, 197–213.New York: New Press.International Centre for Prison Studies.2008.World prison brief.http://www.kcl.ac.uk (accessed March 2008).Legal Action Center.2006.New York State occupational licensing survey.In Report and recommendations to New York State on enhancing employment opportunities for formerly incarcerated people, 56–76.New York: Independent Commission on Reentry and Employment.Levitan, Mark.2004.A crisis of black male employment: Unemployment and joblessness in New York City 2003.New York: Community Service Society.———.2005.Out of school, out of work, out of luck? New York City’s disconnected youth.New York: Community Service Society.Mauer, Marc.2007.Racial impact statements as a means of reducing unwarranted sentencing disparities.Ohio State Jounal of Criminal Law 5:19, 19-46.veConnect - 2011-05-06Mauer, Marc, and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds.2002.Invisible punishment: The collateral conse-algraquences of mass imprisonment.New York: The New Press.National Association of Latino Elected Officials.2006.2006 National directory of Latinotium - Pelected officials.Washington, D.C.: National Association of Latino Elected Officials.National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.2005.Uniform Collateral Sanctions and Disqualifications Act, November.New York City Bar Association Task Force on Employment Opportunities for the Previously Incarcerated.2008.Legal employers taking the lead: Enhancing employmentaiwan eBook Consoropportunities for the previously incarcerated.New York:New York City Bar Association.TNew York State Board of Elections.2003.Memorandum to county commissioners, October 29, 1993.Paige, Harrison M., and Allen J.Beck.2006.Prison and jail inmates at midyear, 2005.NCJ213133.Washington, D.C.: U.S.Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.Pager, Devah.2003.The mark of a criminal record [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]