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.and that of the 17th century.During the golden age of French drama the most popular playwright was Molière who, likeWilliam Shakespeare, started his career as an actor; Laurent Tirard s 2007 biopic Molière is a GALLO-ROMANfictionalised account of his early years.Plays such as Tartuffe, a satire on the corruption of the Traces of Roman Paris can be seen in the residential foundations and dwellings in the Cryptearistocracy, won him the enmity (and a ban) of both the state and the church but are now staples Archéologique (p106) under the square in front of Notre Dame; in the partially reconstructedof the classical repertoire.Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine, in contrast, drew their subjects Arènes de Lutèce (p109); and in the frigidarium (cooling room) and other remains of Romanfrom history and classical mythology.Racine s Phèdre, for instance, taken from Euripides, is a baths dating from around AD 200 at the Musée National du Moyen Age (p114).44 45lonelyplanet.comlonelyplanet.comBACKGROUND ARTSBACKGROUND ARCHITECTURE The Musée National du Moyen Age also contains the so-called Pillier des Nautes (Boatsmen s des Gens d Armes (Cavalrymen s Hall) in the Conciergerie (p106), the largest surviving medievalPillar), one of the most valuable legacies of the Gallo-Roman period.It is a 2.5m-high monument hall in Europe, are other fine examples of the Rayonnant Gothic style.dedicated to Jupiter and was erected by the boatmen s guild during the reign of Tiberius (AD By the 15th century, decorative extravagance led to what is now called Flamboyant Gothic,14 37) on the Île de la Cité.The boat remains the symbol of Paris, and the city s Latin motto so named because the wavy stone carving made the towers appear to be blazing or flamingis Fluctuat Nec Mergitur (Tosses but Does Not Sink).(flamboyant).Beautifully lacy examples of Flamboyant architecture include the Clocher Neuf(New Bell Tower) at Chartres Cathédrale Notre Dame (p377), the Église St-Séverin (Map pp110 11)and the Tour St-Jacques (p90), a 52m tower which is all that remains of an early-16th-centuryMEROVINGIAN & CAROLINGIANchurch.Inside the Église St-Eustache (p89), there s some outstanding Flamboyant Gothic archAlthough quite a few churches were built in Paris during the Merovingian and Carolingianwork holding up the ceiling of the chancel.Several hôtels particuliers (private mansions) wereperiods (6th to 10th centuries), very little of them remain.also built in this style, including the Hôtel de Cluny, now the Musée National du Moyen AgeWhen the Merovingian ruler Clovis I made Paris his seat in the early 6th century, he es-(p114) and the Hôtel de Sens (now the Bibliothèque Forney, p190).tablished an abbey dedicated to Sts Peter and Paul on the south bank of the Seine.All thatremains of this once great abbey (later named in honour of Paris patron, Sainte Geneviève,and demolished in 1802) is the Tour Clovis (p193), a heavily restored Romanesque tower within RENAISSANCEthe grounds of the prestigious Lycée Henri IV just east of the Panthéon.The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the early 15th century, set out to realise a rebirthArchaeological excavations in the crypt of the 12th-century Basilique de St-Denis (p182) have of classical Greek and Roman culture.It had its first impact on France at the end of the 15thuncovered extensive tombs from both the Merovingian and Carolingian periods.The oldest of century, when Charles VIII began a series of invasions of Italy, returning with some newthese dates from around AD 570.ideas.The Early Renaissance style, in which a variety of classical components and decorative motifs(columns, tunnel vaults, round arches, domes etc) were blended with the rich decoration ofROMANESQUEFlamboyant Gothic, is best exemplified in Paris by the Église St-Eustache (p89) on the RightA religious revival in the 11th century led to the construction of a large number of roman (Ro-Bank and Église St-Étienne du Mont (p109) on the Left Bank.manesque) churches, so-called because their architects adopted many architectural elementsMannerism, which followed Early Renaissance, was introduced by Italian architects and(eg vaulting) from Gallo-Roman buildings still standing at the time.Romanesque buildingsartists brought to France around 1530 by François I; over the following decades Frenchtypically have round arches, heavy walls, few windows that let in very little light, and a lack ofarchitects who had studied in Italy took over from their Italian colleagues.In 1546 Pierreornamentation that borders on the austere.Lescot designed the richly decorated southwestern corner of the Cour Carrée of the MuséeNo civic buildings or churches in Paris are entirely Romanesque in style, but a few havedu Louvre (p80).The Petit Château at the Château de Chantilly (p373) was built about a decadeimportant representative elements.The Église St-Germain des Prés (p115), built in the 11thlater.The Marais remains the best area for spotting reminders of the Renaissance in Pariscentury on the site of the Merovingian ruler Childeric s 6th-century abbey, has been alteredproper, with some fine hôtels particuliers from this era such as Hôtel Carnavalet, housingmany times over the centuries, but the Romanesque bell tower over the west entrance haspart of the Musée Carnavalet (p96) and Hôtel Lamoignon (p190).The Mannerist style lastedchanged little since 1000.There are also some decorated capitals (the upper part of the sup-until the early 17th century.porting columns) in the nave dating from this time.The choir, apse and truncated bell towerof the Église St-Nicholas des Champs (Map pp92 3), just south of the Musée des Arts et Métiers,are Romanesque dating from about 1130.The Église St-Germain L Auxerrois (p85) was built in BAROQUEa mixture of Gothic and Renaissance styles between the 13th and 16th centuries on a site used During the baroque period which lasted from the tail end of the 16th to the late 18th centuries for Christian worship since about AD 500.But the square belfry that rises from next to the painting, sculpture and classical architecture were integrated to create structures and interiorssouth transept arm is Romanesque in style.of great subtlety, refinement and elegance.With the advent of the baroque, architecture becamemore pictorial, with the painted ceilings in churches illustrating the Passion of Christ and infinityto the faithful, and palaces invoking the power and order of the state.GOTHICSalomon de Brosse, who designed Paris Palais du Luxembourg (see Jardin du Luxembourg,The Gothic style originated in the mid-12th century in northern France, where great wealthp119) in 1615, set the stage for two of France s most prominent early baroque architects: Françoisattracted the finest architects, engineers and artisans [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]
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.and that of the 17th century.During the golden age of French drama the most popular playwright was Molière who, likeWilliam Shakespeare, started his career as an actor; Laurent Tirard s 2007 biopic Molière is a GALLO-ROMANfictionalised account of his early years.Plays such as Tartuffe, a satire on the corruption of the Traces of Roman Paris can be seen in the residential foundations and dwellings in the Cryptearistocracy, won him the enmity (and a ban) of both the state and the church but are now staples Archéologique (p106) under the square in front of Notre Dame; in the partially reconstructedof the classical repertoire.Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine, in contrast, drew their subjects Arènes de Lutèce (p109); and in the frigidarium (cooling room) and other remains of Romanfrom history and classical mythology.Racine s Phèdre, for instance, taken from Euripides, is a baths dating from around AD 200 at the Musée National du Moyen Age (p114).44 45lonelyplanet.comlonelyplanet.comBACKGROUND ARTSBACKGROUND ARCHITECTURE The Musée National du Moyen Age also contains the so-called Pillier des Nautes (Boatsmen s des Gens d Armes (Cavalrymen s Hall) in the Conciergerie (p106), the largest surviving medievalPillar), one of the most valuable legacies of the Gallo-Roman period.It is a 2.5m-high monument hall in Europe, are other fine examples of the Rayonnant Gothic style.dedicated to Jupiter and was erected by the boatmen s guild during the reign of Tiberius (AD By the 15th century, decorative extravagance led to what is now called Flamboyant Gothic,14 37) on the Île de la Cité.The boat remains the symbol of Paris, and the city s Latin motto so named because the wavy stone carving made the towers appear to be blazing or flamingis Fluctuat Nec Mergitur (Tosses but Does Not Sink).(flamboyant).Beautifully lacy examples of Flamboyant architecture include the Clocher Neuf(New Bell Tower) at Chartres Cathédrale Notre Dame (p377), the Église St-Séverin (Map pp110 11)and the Tour St-Jacques (p90), a 52m tower which is all that remains of an early-16th-centuryMEROVINGIAN & CAROLINGIANchurch.Inside the Église St-Eustache (p89), there s some outstanding Flamboyant Gothic archAlthough quite a few churches were built in Paris during the Merovingian and Carolingianwork holding up the ceiling of the chancel.Several hôtels particuliers (private mansions) wereperiods (6th to 10th centuries), very little of them remain.also built in this style, including the Hôtel de Cluny, now the Musée National du Moyen AgeWhen the Merovingian ruler Clovis I made Paris his seat in the early 6th century, he es-(p114) and the Hôtel de Sens (now the Bibliothèque Forney, p190).tablished an abbey dedicated to Sts Peter and Paul on the south bank of the Seine.All thatremains of this once great abbey (later named in honour of Paris patron, Sainte Geneviève,and demolished in 1802) is the Tour Clovis (p193), a heavily restored Romanesque tower within RENAISSANCEthe grounds of the prestigious Lycée Henri IV just east of the Panthéon.The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the early 15th century, set out to realise a rebirthArchaeological excavations in the crypt of the 12th-century Basilique de St-Denis (p182) have of classical Greek and Roman culture.It had its first impact on France at the end of the 15thuncovered extensive tombs from both the Merovingian and Carolingian periods.The oldest of century, when Charles VIII began a series of invasions of Italy, returning with some newthese dates from around AD 570.ideas.The Early Renaissance style, in which a variety of classical components and decorative motifs(columns, tunnel vaults, round arches, domes etc) were blended with the rich decoration ofROMANESQUEFlamboyant Gothic, is best exemplified in Paris by the Église St-Eustache (p89) on the RightA religious revival in the 11th century led to the construction of a large number of roman (Ro-Bank and Église St-Étienne du Mont (p109) on the Left Bank.manesque) churches, so-called because their architects adopted many architectural elementsMannerism, which followed Early Renaissance, was introduced by Italian architects and(eg vaulting) from Gallo-Roman buildings still standing at the time.Romanesque buildingsartists brought to France around 1530 by François I; over the following decades Frenchtypically have round arches, heavy walls, few windows that let in very little light, and a lack ofarchitects who had studied in Italy took over from their Italian colleagues.In 1546 Pierreornamentation that borders on the austere.Lescot designed the richly decorated southwestern corner of the Cour Carrée of the MuséeNo civic buildings or churches in Paris are entirely Romanesque in style, but a few havedu Louvre (p80).The Petit Château at the Château de Chantilly (p373) was built about a decadeimportant representative elements.The Église St-Germain des Prés (p115), built in the 11thlater.The Marais remains the best area for spotting reminders of the Renaissance in Pariscentury on the site of the Merovingian ruler Childeric s 6th-century abbey, has been alteredproper, with some fine hôtels particuliers from this era such as Hôtel Carnavalet, housingmany times over the centuries, but the Romanesque bell tower over the west entrance haspart of the Musée Carnavalet (p96) and Hôtel Lamoignon (p190).The Mannerist style lastedchanged little since 1000.There are also some decorated capitals (the upper part of the sup-until the early 17th century.porting columns) in the nave dating from this time.The choir, apse and truncated bell towerof the Église St-Nicholas des Champs (Map pp92 3), just south of the Musée des Arts et Métiers,are Romanesque dating from about 1130.The Église St-Germain L Auxerrois (p85) was built in BAROQUEa mixture of Gothic and Renaissance styles between the 13th and 16th centuries on a site used During the baroque period which lasted from the tail end of the 16th to the late 18th centuries for Christian worship since about AD 500.But the square belfry that rises from next to the painting, sculpture and classical architecture were integrated to create structures and interiorssouth transept arm is Romanesque in style.of great subtlety, refinement and elegance.With the advent of the baroque, architecture becamemore pictorial, with the painted ceilings in churches illustrating the Passion of Christ and infinityto the faithful, and palaces invoking the power and order of the state.GOTHICSalomon de Brosse, who designed Paris Palais du Luxembourg (see Jardin du Luxembourg,The Gothic style originated in the mid-12th century in northern France, where great wealthp119) in 1615, set the stage for two of France s most prominent early baroque architects: Françoisattracted the finest architects, engineers and artisans [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]